摘要 現(xiàn)代城市空間不是為神設(shè)計(jì)的，也不是為君主設(shè)計(jì)的，更不是為市長們設(shè)計(jì)的，而是為生活在城市中普通的人們設(shè)計(jì)的,這些普通的人是具體，富有人性的個(gè)體，而不是抽象的集體名詞"人民".論文強(qiáng)調(diào)人在場所中的體驗(yàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)普通人在普通環(huán)境中的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)場所的物理特征、人的活動(dòng)以及含義的三位一體的整體性。場所或景觀不是讓人參觀的，而是供人使用、讓人成為其中的一部分。文章呼吁場所的詩意的回歸、人性的回歸和故事的回歸。
走進(jìn)北京，走進(jìn)上海，廣州和成都，走進(jìn)我們的每一個(gè)城市，你都看到了什么，又體驗(yàn)到什么?有人在說千篇一律，有人在說千城一面。于是呼，追求特色與個(gè)性的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和設(shè)計(jì)師人員便挖空心思，竭盡屋頂立面廣場和馬路之能事："奪回古都風(fēng)貌"，創(chuàng)造"世界第一"，構(gòu)?新世紀(jì)"景觀,但結(jié)果又是如何呢？那令人望而卻步的景觀大道，那暴曬在太陽光下的世紀(jì)廣場，還有那"亮起來"的街道。于是，我要問，城市由誰來設(shè)計(jì)？城市為誰設(shè)計(jì)？
一、 沒有設(shè)計(jì)師的公共場所
沒有設(shè)計(jì)師的公共場所是充滿詩意、充滿人性和充滿故事的。這樣的場所出現(xiàn)在五十萬前山頂洞內(nèi)的平臺(tái)上，那時(shí)，"北京人"們狩獵回來，在洞內(nèi)架起篝火，分享著一天的獵獲；這樣的場所出現(xiàn)在五千年前半坡村中心的黃土地上，那時(shí)先民們走出各自的草棚，載歌載舞，共慶平安或準(zhǔn)備出征捍衛(wèi)家園；同樣，這樣的場所出現(xiàn)在克里特島上的一個(gè)規(guī)則鍥形層平臺(tái)上，美農(nóng)王族及大臣們觀看來自亞西亞的美女的歌舞；在古羅馬的廣場上，公民們辯論政治，討伐不稱職的官員。
這樣的場所云南哈尼族村頭大樹下的磨秋場，在這里少男少女們在競技在戲嬉；是山寨梯田上兩條田埂的交匯之處，一棵披撒著濃蔭的大青樹，一脈清流從樹下淌過，在那樹下的大石頭和小石頭組成的空間里，在樹蔭篩下的月光里、青年男女在傾訴述衷腸；是村中的水井旁，這里有一些縱橫的條石，一兩汪蓄水的石槽，婦女們在提水、洗衣服、男子們抱著竹筒煙槍，在一旁閑坐聊天，偶爾會(huì)給正在從井里提水的漂亮姑娘幫上一把，獻(xiàn)一番殷勤。
這樣的場所在青藏高原的村頭或交叉路旁，圍著比村莊更古老的瑪尼堆，藏族老人們手搖經(jīng)桶，在旋轉(zhuǎn)著、祈禱著。那瑪尼堆是由一方方刻著經(jīng)文的石塊累就的，那每石塊是由路人從遠(yuǎn)方帶來的，都有一段艱辛的經(jīng)歷，同時(shí)都帶著一個(gè)美麗的希望。
這樣的場所在江南水鄉(xiāng)的石阜頭上，小孩們纏著白發(fā)老人講述著關(guān)于門前那條河，河上那座橋的動(dòng)人故事；講述他少年時(shí)的鐘愛曾經(jīng)在此皖紗，紅羅裙倒映水中。
這些沒有設(shè)計(jì)師的公共場所卻充滿著含義。它們是人與人交流的地方，一個(gè)供人分享、同歡、看和被看的所在，是寄托希望并以其為歸屬的地方。離開了人的活動(dòng)、人的故事和精神，公共場所空間便失去了意義。
現(xiàn)代人文地理學(xué)派及現(xiàn)象主義景觀學(xué)派都強(qiáng)調(diào)人在場所中的體驗(yàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)普通人在普通的、日常的環(huán)境中的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)場所的物理特征、人的活動(dòng)以及含義的三位一體性。這里的物理特征包括場所的空間結(jié)構(gòu)和所有具體的現(xiàn)象；這里的人則是一個(gè)景中的人而不是一個(gè)旁觀者；這里的含義是指人在具體做什么。因此，場所或景觀不是讓人參觀的、向人展示的，而是供人使用、讓人成為其中的一部分。場所、景觀離開了人的使用便失去了意義，成為失落的場所（Placeless）（Ralph, 1976）。
我們懷念沒有設(shè)計(jì)師的公共場所，那是浪漫的、自由的、充滿詩意的,或是艱辛的、可歌可泣的；那是樸素的、且具功用的；那是自上而下的，人的活動(dòng)踩踏和磨練出來，根據(jù)人的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡所圈劃的；那是民主的，人人都認(rèn)同，人人參與的物化形態(tài)；是人所以之為歸屬的，刻入人的生命歷程和人生記憶的---那隨自然高差而鋪就的青石板，那暴露著根系的樟樹，那深深刻著井繩印記的井圈，還有缺了角的條石座凳。這些場所進(jìn)行歸納起來，都有以下幾大物質(zhì)特點(diǎn)：
第一：它們是最實(shí)用的，而且能滿足多種功用目的
第二：它們是最經(jīng)濟(jì)的，就地取材，應(yīng)自然地勢和氣候條件，用最少的勞動(dòng)和能量投入來構(gòu)筑和管理。
第三：它們是方便宜人的，人的尺度、人的比例。
第四：它們都是有故事的，而且這些故事都是與這塊場所和這塊場所的使用者相關(guān)的。
所有這些都構(gòu)成了公共場所的美。美不是形式的，她是體驗(yàn)、是生活是交流---人與人的交流、人與自然的交流。
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